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The African Standby Force (ASF) (French: ''Force africaine en attente'')〔http://www.operationspaix.net/53-details-lexique-force-africaine-en-attente.html 〕 is an international, continental African, and multidisciplinary peacekeeping force with military, police and civilian contingents that acts under the direction of the African Union. The ASF is to be deployed in times of crisis in Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia serves as the Force's Headquarters. Douala, Cameroon, was in 2011 selected as the site of the AU's Continental Logistics Base (LOGBASE). == Origins == Before the founding of the African Union (AU) in 2001, its predecessor Organisation of African Unity (OAU) did not provide appropriate tools for a collective and comprehensive acting of African states in times of violent crisis, mostly due to the shared value of non-interference into the internal affairs of states. During the 1990s, a series of violent conflicts in Africa, most importantly the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda, urged the African states for a change in their common security collaboration. After the establishment of the AU in 2001, the non-interference clause of OAU was not longer valid. The Constitutive Act now gave the AU the right to intervene in a member state in grave circumstances, namely war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.〔〔African Union (2005): ASF Roadmaps 1 & 2〕 The same year, a new African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) was presented, in order to build and strengthen African capacities for managing and resolving conflicts on the continent. The APSA comprises five pillars that complement one another: A Peace and Security Council, a Continental Early Warning System, a Panel of the Wise, a Peace Fund, and an African Standby Force. The ASF is therefore a constituting element of the APSA.〔 The establishment of the ASF was directed by the Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, which was signed in July 2002 and entered into force in December 2003. The key document explicitly recognized the roles of the RECs in promoting peace and security in Africa.〔〔 For that reason, the final concept for the ASF, presented in the Maputo Report of July 2003, at the time provided for five regional Standby Brigade forces:〔〔 A North Africa Regional Standby Brigade (NASBRIG), an East Africa Standby Brigade (EASBRIG); a Force Multinationale de l'Afrique Centrale (FOMAC); a Southern Africa Standby Brigade (SADCBRIG); and an ECOWAS Standby Brigade (ECOBRIG).〔http://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/AfricanStandbyForce.pdf〕 The same document defined six ASF deployment Scenarios.〔〔 The organization at that time agreed on force levels of about 15,000 soldiers continentwide.〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/8408/African-Union-AU#ref821151 (03/05/2014)〕 The ASF Policy Framework Document from May 2003 aimed the development of the ASF in two phases:〔 * Phase One (up to 30 June 2005): The AU’s envisaged the establishment a strategic level management capacity for the management of Scenarios 1-2 missions, while Regional Economic Communities (RECs)/Regions would complement the African Union (AU) by establishing regional standby forces up to a brigade size to achieve up to Scenario 4.〔Policy Framework for the Establishment of the African Standby Force and the Military Staff Committee, Chapter 1〕 * Phase Two (1 July 2005 to 30 June 2010): By the year 2010, the AU planned to have developed the capacity to manage complex peacekeeping operations, while the RECs/Regions will continue to develop the capacity to deploy a Mission Headquarters (HQs) for Scenario 4, involving AU/Regional peacekeeping forces.〔 Three ASF Roadmaps were developed to guide the operalization of ASF:〔African Union Independent Panel of Experts (October 2013): Assessment of the African Standby Force and Plan of Action for Achieving Full Operational Capability by 2015〕 * Roadmap I (adopted in March 2005) covered the period from June 2006 to March 2008 * Roadmap II (adopted in April 2004) covered the period from April 2008 to December 2010 * Roadmap III (adopted in December 2010) covered the period from December 2010 to December 2015 The ASF Roadmap III recognized that most goals of Phase One were not met until 2010 and therefore set the date for the achievement of the Full Oparational Capability (FOC) to 2015.〔African Union (2011): African Standby Force Roadmap III 2011-2015〕 In December 2013, an assessment of the African Standby Force by an AU Panel of Experts concluded that the ASF is unlikely ro achieve FOC in 2015 without major efforts made by all stakeholders.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「African Standby Force」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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